Almost every phone newer than 2019 supports eSIM. Here is the rough picture; always check your exact model on the device checker.
Apple
iPhone XR, XS and everything newer, including the 2020 and 2022 SE. Models sold in the United States from the iPhone 14 onwards are eSIM only.
Samsung
Galaxy S20 and newer, the Note 20 line, every Z Fold and Z Flip generation, and part of the A series. On the A series support depends on the market.
Pixel 3 and newer. Units sold through carriers in Australia, Japan and Taiwan have no eSIM.
Others
Some Xiaomi, Motorola, Oppo, Honor and Sony models have eSIM, but it varies by market. Redmi, POCO and most budget models do not.
The two things people miss
- The phone must be carrier unlocked. A device bought on an operator instalment plan is sometimes locked, and then the eSIM will not work.
- Market variants. Models bought in mainland China often have no eSIM even when the same series sold in Europe does.
The fastest check
Open the mobile network settings on your phone. If there is an "Add eSIM" or "Add Data Plan" option, the device supports it.